What causes a lithium battery fire?

Lithium batteries have become an important part of our daily lives, powering a variety of devices from smartphones and laptops to larger solar and back-up power installations. Despite their widespread use, understanding why these batteries sometimes catch fire is essential to prevent accidents.

1. Over-charging: Over-charging a lithium battery caused by incorrect installation can lead to overheating, this excessive charging causes the battery to become unstable and prone to catching fire.

2. Physical Damage: Physical damage to a lithium battery, such as punctures or impact, can result in internal short circuits. This can trigger a chain reaction leading to thermal runaway and, ultimately, a fire.

3. Poor quality control: Inadequate manufacturing practices or the use of substandard materials can compromise the integrity of lithium-ion batteries. Manufacturing defects increase the risk of internal faults, elevating the likelihood of fire incidents.

4. Extreme temperatures: Exposing lithium batteries to extreme heat or cold temperatures can destabilise them. Elevated temperatures accelerate chemical reactions within the battery, increasing the probability of thermal runaway and fire.

5. Deterioration over time: Lithium batteries degrade with age and use. As they deteriorate, their ability to safely store and discharge energy diminishes, raising the risk of fire, particularly in older batteries.

6. Incorrect use: Using a battery in a manner inconsistent with its intended design specifications can pose significant risks. This includes using incompatible chargers or devices, which may subject the battery to conditions it cannot safely handle, leading to thermal runaway and fire.

what should you do in the event of a lithium battery fire?

Evacuate the area: Safely evacuate everyone from the area and /or the building.

Do not use water: Unlike traditional fires, water can make a lithium battery fire worse, causing it to release hazardous chemicals and possibly explode. Avoid using water to extinguish any lithium battery fire.

Use a specialised lithium battery fire extinguisher: Invest in a Lithium battery fire extinguisher specifically designed for lithium fires, cool down the battery temperature and to stop thermal runaway.

Call emergency services: Dial emergency services, report the fire and request urgent assistance.

Monitor the area: Even after the fire has been extinguished or contained, monitor the area for any signs of re-ignition or smoke. Keep the area ventilated to dissipate any remaining fumes.

the importance of using the correct lithium battery fire extinguisher

When it comes to combatting lithium battery using the correct fire extinguisher is very importance. Lithium batteries have a unique composition that requires specialised extinguishing agents. Using the wrong type of extinguisher can actually make the fire worse, leading to disastrous consequences. It is crucial to understand the importance of using the correct extinguisher to prevent further damage and protect lives.

Battery fire extinguishers specifically designed for lithium fires, such as the Fireblock or Lith-Ex extinguishers, are essential for effectively suppressing lithium battery fires. These extinguishers contain agents that can safely and effectively cool down the lithium battery and extinguish the flames.

Using a generic fire extinguisher or water, can cause an explosive reaction when applied to a lithium fire, making the situation even more dangerous.

It is also important to note that lithium fires can release toxic gasses, which further highlights the importance of using the correct extinguisher. The specialised extinguishers are designed to minimise the release of toxic substances, ensuring the safety of both the individuals attempting to extinguish the fire and others in the vicinity.

Understanding the implications of using the correct fire extinguisher for lithium battery fires is essential for maintaining fire safety and preventing disastrous consequences. By investing in the appropriate battery fire extinguishers, businesses and individuals can effectively protect themselves and their surroundings from the potential hazards associated with lithium battery fires.

what type of extinguisher to use for a lithium battery fire

When it comes to extinguishing lithium battery fires in South Africa, not all fire extinguishers are created equal. Standard fire extinguishers, commonly used for various types of fires like paper or wood, are ineffective and potentially dangerous when used on lithium battery fires. The reaction between water and lithium can cause the fire to intensify and even explode.

The most commonly used fire extinguishers for lithium battery fires are lithium fire extinguishers like Fireblock and Lith-Ex. These extinguishers contain a specialised agent that is effective in suppressing lithium fires by smothering them and preventing thermal runaway. The fire extinguishing agent creates a barrier between the fire and the oxygen it requires to sustain itself, extinguishing the flames.

It is important to ensure that the chosen fire extinguisher has the appropriate fire rating for lithium battery fires and has undergone the necessary testing.

The video below shows just how the Fireblock gel can encapsulate the battery and prevent thermal runaway.

Why IS A lithium battery fire extinguisher so expensive?

Lithium battery fire extinguishers are generally more expensive than standard fire extinguishers due to several factors:

Specialised Formulation: These extinguishers use specific agents designed to suppress lithium battery fires, which are more complex and costly to produce compared to traditional extinguishing agents.

Research and Development: A significant amount research and development is involved in developing effective solutions for lithium battery fires. This includes testing and certifying the extinguishing agents and the extinguishers themselves to ensure they work effectively and safely.

Manufacturing Costs: The production process for these specialised extinguishers is often more involved and requires higher precision and quality control to ensure reliability in critical situations.

Limited Market: The market for lithium battery fire extinguishers is relatively niche compared to standard fire extinguishers. Lower production volumes can lead to higher per-unit costs.

Regulatory Compliance: Compliance with strict safety standards and regulations for fire suppression equipment adds to the cost. These extinguishers must meet specific certifications to be considered safe and effective for use. Beware of cheap imitations on available on the market.

Ensure that the fire extinguisher that you are purchasing has at least one of the following accreditations: BSI Kitemark, UKCA, CE and SANS.

Advanced Technology: Lithium battery fires require advanced extinguishing technologies to handle the high energy and rapid spread of such fires.

Where to purchase a lithium fire extinguisher in south africa

Various suppliers in South Africa offer lithium fire extinguishers that are specifically designed to handle lithium battery fires. When it comes to purchasing these extinguishers, it is important to choose a reputable and reliable supplier with a proven track record to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the product. When it comes to fire extinguishing equipment and your personal safety, cheap imitation products without any form of accreditation should be avoided.

An option is to consult with fire safety professionals or reputable fire equipment suppliers like Energy Independence who can provide expert advice on the appropriate type and size of extinguisher required for specific lithium battery fire scenarios. They can also ensure that the extinguishers meet the necessary safety standards and regulations.

It is also advisable to consider the specific needs of the premises where the lithium batteries are used. Factors such as size, location, and potential fire risks should be taken into account when selecting the appropriate extinguisher.

Knowing where to purchase lithium fire extinguishers ahead of time can prevent delays during emergencies and ensure the availability of these crucial safety tools when they are needed the most.

How to use a lithium battery fire extinguisher

Proper use and handling of lithium fire extinguishers are essential to ensure their effectiveness and maximise safety. It is important to familiarise oneself with the instructions and operation of the specific extinguisher being used.

When approaching a lithium battery fire, always remember the PASS technique.

The PASS technique is a straightforward and effective method for using a fire extinguisher in an emergency. The acronym “PASS” stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.

First, you pull the pin, which breaks the tamper seal and allows you to operate the extinguisher. Next, you aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, ensuring you are a safe distance away—typically about six to eight feet. Then, squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent. Finally, sweep the nozzle from side to side, covering the area of the fire until it is completely extinguished. This technique helps ensure that the fire is efficiently and safely put out, minimising damage and risk.

Maintenance and Inspection of Lithium Fire Extinguishers

Annual maintenance and inspection of lithium fire extinguishers are crucial to ensuring their effectiveness in combating lithium battery fires. These extinguishers should be inspected by qualified professionals following recommended guidelines.

Routine inspections typically involve checking the pressure gauge, verifying the integrity of the extinguisher’s seals, and ensuring proper functionality of the discharge mechanism. Any signs of damage or wear should be promptly addressed, and extinguishers nearing their expiration dates should be replaced or refilled.

Proper maintenance and inspection of lithium fire extinguishers not only ensure their readiness in case of emergencies but also extend their lifespan. By adhering to the recommended maintenance schedule, businesses and individuals can have peace of mind knowing that their extinguishers are in optimal condition.

COnclusion

In conclusion, choosing the correct fire extinguisher for lithium battery fires is crucial for maintaining safety in South Africa. The use of a specialised lithium fire extinguishers, such as FIREBLOCK and Lith-ex extinguisher, is essential for effectively combating lithium battery fires.

Proper handling, and maintenance are paramount to the safe and effective use of lithium fire extinguishers.

It is advisable to not only regularly inspect and maintain lithium fire extinguishers but also to conduct frequent inspections of your lithium battery installations to prevent fires.

By prioritising fire safety and implementing suitable precautions, South Africans can effectively handle lithium battery fires and minimise the potential risks associated with them.

Stay informed, stay prepared, and take the necessary steps to protect yourself against the dangers of lithium battery fires.